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Module 2: Networking Fundamentals
The OSI Model
The OSI Model Explained
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes network communication into seven layers.
The Seven Layers
| Layer | Name | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Application | HTTP, FTP, SMTP - User interfaces |
| 6 | Presentation | Data formatting, encryption |
| 5 | Session | Session management |
| 4 | Transport | TCP, UDP - Reliable delivery |
| 3 | Network | IP, routing - Logical addressing |
| 2 | Data Link | MAC addresses, switches |
| 1 | Physical | Cables, signals, hardware |
Why the OSI Model Matters for Security
Understanding the OSI model helps security professionals identify where attacks occur and implement security controls at appropriate layers.